Kategorie: Informationswissenschaft

VIVO ist eine Ontologie

VIVO ist nicht nur eine Software und ein Netzwerk, sondern auch eine Ontologie.

Wer sich mit Linked Data und Ontologien auskennt: hier geht’s zum OWL-File (Version 1.5). [1] Wer sich die Ontologie ansehen möchte und VIVO nicht installiert hat, kann dafür unter anderem den Protégé Ontology Editor nutzen. Wer sich nicht damit auskennt, sollte erst diesen Wikipedia-Artikel über Linked Open Data lesen, dann die Linked-Data-FAQ und dann den (englischen) Wikipedia-Artikel über Ontologien.

Oder, wie die deutsche Wikipediaseite [2] Wieso eigentlich „Ontologie (Informatik)“ und nicht „Ontologie (Informationswissenschaften)“? zum Thema meint: Ontologien in der Informatik sind meist sprachlich gefasste und formal geordnete Darstellungen einer Menge von Begrifflichkeiten und der zwischen ihnen bestehenden Beziehungen in einem bestimmten Gegenstandsbereich.

Bekannte Ontologien sind FOAF (für die Beschreibung von sozialen Netzwerken) oder Bibliontology (für bibliographische Daten). VIVO verwendet diese und andere Ontologien:

Ganz unten finden sich die Ontologie, um die es hier gehen soll, die VIVO-Ontologie. Diese Ontologie (in der aktuellen Version 1.4) kann man sich hier in einem bunten Diagramm ansehen. Vermutlich der beste Weg, sie kennenzulernen. Warum ist das Diagramm so schön bunt? Weil VIVO Teile verschiedenen Ontologien weiterverwendet und diese Teile in unterschiedlichen Farben dargestellt sind.

Paul Albert hat zwei Präsentationen zum Thema bei Slideshare:

Man kann in VIVO weitere Ontologien importieren und auch eigene anlegen. Die VIVO-Ontologie selbst ist organisationsübergreifend angelegt. Da jede Organisation ihre Hausregeln und Besonderheiten hat, können diese nicht in der VIVO-Ontologie abgelegt werden. Dafür baut man sich dann eben selbst eine. Im Backend gibt es dazu verschiedene Werkzeuge zum Browsen der Ontologie und zum Erstellen eigener Klassen.

Morgen geht’s dann weiter mit der VIVO-Community.

References

References
↑1 Wer sich die Ontologie ansehen möchte und VIVO nicht installiert hat, kann dafür unter anderem den Protégé Ontology Editor nutzen.
↑2 Wieso eigentlich „Ontologie (Informatik)“ und nicht „Ontologie (Informationswissenschaften)“?

CTRL Semantic Engine

Wer zu faul ist zu wenig Zeit um die eigenen Postings mit Links anzureichern oder sie zu verschlagworten, kann auf algorithmische Unterstützung bauen. Ein Tool zum automatischen Anreichern ist zum Beispiel das der CTRL Semantic Engine. Ich habe dort testweise einen Text [1]Verwendeter Auszug: THE ROYAL PUBLIC LIBRARY OF HANOVER The Royal Public Library of Hanover was founded by Duke JohnFrederick about the year 1660.It has been successively augmented by the … Continue reading aus den „Memoirs of libraries: including a handbook of library economy“ von Edward Edwards (Google Books) verwendet.

Das von der CTRL Semantic Engine bereit gestellte Ergebnis:

THE ROYAL PUBLIC LIBRARY OF HANOVER

The Royal Public Library of Hanover was founded by Duke JohnFrederick about the year 1660.It has been successively augmented by the acquisition of the following among other less important collections: – In 1678 that of M. Fogel of Hamburgh; in 1696, that of Westenholz; about 1698, that of the Elector Ernest Augustus ; in 1716, that of Leibnitz; in 1729, that of GW Molanus; in 1750, that of the late Duke of Cambridge , who bequeathed a Library of considerable value – especially well provided with books and MSS. relating to Hanover on condition that the works which were already possessed by the Royal Library should be transferred to the Town Library of the capital. The estimated number of volumes is, of printed books, upwards of 80,000; and of MSS., about 2000. The strength of the collection lies in the departments of History and Politics, and the MSS. are of considerable value. Of late years more liberal access has been permitted than formerly existed.

The chief attraction of the Hanover Library is its collection of the papers of Leibnitz, consisting of his correspondence. Besides his own letters, there are a great many letters of the eminent persons to whom he wrote. „His correspondence“, says Dr. Noehden , „was most extensive; and, what is surprising in a man so much occupied, it seems that he generally copied his letters, and not infrequently transcribed the same composition two or three times. Those in the Library are, for the most part, the first arrangements. There was scarcaly any one of his contemporaries of celebrity, with whom he had not an epistolary intercourse. A great many of the letters are written in French, and in Latin; some in other languages. One of his most distinguished correspondents was the Electoress of Hanover, the Princess Sophia , mother of George l.

Locations & natural formationsOrganizationsPeople

Summary:

THE ROYAL PUBLIC LIBRARY OF HANOVER

The Royal Public Library of Hanover was founded by Duke JohnFrederick about the year 1660 .It has been successively augmented by the acquisition of the following among other less important collections: — In 1678 that of M. Fogel of Hamburgh; in 1696, that of Westenholz; about 1698, that of the Elector Ernest Augustus; in 1716, that of Leibnitz; in 1729, that of GW Molanus; in 1750, that of the late Duke of Cambridge, who bequeathed a Library of considerable value — especially well provided with books and MSS.

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Entertainment,ROYAL PUBLIC LIBRARY,HANOVER,Hanover Library,important collections,Town Library,same composition two,own letters,eminent persons,books,princess Sophia,French

Meta description:

THE ROYAL PUBLIC LIBRARY OF HANOVER

The Royal Public Library of Hanover was founded by Duke JohnFrederick about the year 1660 .It has been successively augmented by the acquisition of the following among other less important collections: — In 1678 that of M. Fogel of Hamburgh; in 1696, that of Westenholz; about 1698, that of the Elector Ernest Augustus; in 1716, that of Leibnitz; in 1729, that of GW Molanus; in 1750, that of the late Duke of Cambridge, who bequeathed a Library of considerable value — especially well provided with books and MSS.

References

References
↑1 Verwendeter Auszug:

THE ROYAL PUBLIC LIBRARY OF HANOVER

The Royal Public Library of Hanover was founded by Duke JohnFrederick about the year 1660.It has been successively augmented by the acquisition of the following among other less important collections: – In 1678 that of M. Fogel of Hamburgh; in 1696, that of Westenholz; about 1698, that of the Elector Ernest Augustus; in 1716, that of Leibnitz; in 1729, that of GW Molanus; in 1750, that of the late Duke of Cambridge, who bequeathed a Library of considerable value – especially well provided with books and MSS. relating to Hanover on condition that the works which were already possessed by the Royal Library should be transferred to the Town Library of the capital. The estimated number of volumes is, of printed books, upwards of 80,000; and of MSS., about 2000. The strength of the collection lies in the departments of History and Politics, and the MSS. are of considerable value. Of late years more liberal access has been permitted than formerly existed.

The chief attraction of the Hanover Library is its collection of the papers of Leibnitz, consisting of his correspondence. Besides his own letters, there are a great many letters of the eminent persons to whom he wrote. „His correspondence“, says Dr. Noehden, „was most extensive; and, what is surprising in a man so much occupied, it seems that he generally copied his letters, and not infrequently transcribed the same composition two or three times. Those in the Library are, for the most part, the first arrangements. There was scarcaly any one of his contemporaries of celebrity, with whom he had not an epistolary intercourse. A great many of the letters are written in French, and in Latin; some in other languages. One of his most distinguished correspondents was the Electoress of Hanover, the Princess Sophia, mother of George l.

Googles Patent auf Objekt-Erkennung in Videos und Bildern

Google hat ein Patent namens „Automatic large scale video object recognition“ (United States Patent 8254699) eingereicht. Abstract:

An object recognition system performs a number of rounds of dimensionality reduction and consistency learning on visual content items such as videos and still images, resulting in a set of feature vectors that accurately predict the presence of a visual object represented by a given object name within an visual content item. The feature vectors are stored in association with the object name which they represent and with an indication of the number of rounds of dimensionality reduction and consistency learning that produced them. The feature vectors and the indication can be used for various purposes, such as quickly determining a visual content item containing a visual representation of a given object name.

Es sollen also Objekte in (bewegten) Bildern erkannt werden. Die vorgestellte Technik ist laut Horst Bischof eine von mindestens fünf, sechs weitere[n] Methoden der Objekterkennung. Hangouts und Youtube fallen mir als erste Anwendungsmöglichkeiten ein.

[via @gleonhard]

Starting an Open Access Journal: a step-by-step guide

Martin Eve erklärt in einem Fünfteiler, worauf es bei der Gründung eines Open-Access-Journals ankommt. Hier geht es los.

Schon im ersten Teil wartet er mit der Erkenntnis auf, die banal klingt, bei der Diskussion um Systeme und technische Anforderungen doch leicht übersehen wird:

What takes the time, energy and willpower is to get the social, rather than technical aspects sorted.

In diesem Sinne: Mal sehen, ob aus der Ideensammlung #newLIS tatsächlich eine Zeitschrift wird.

[gefunden im newlis-Wiki]

Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)

Die Open Knowledge Foundation hosted nun Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV), eine Verzeichnis von – genau – Linked Open Vocabularies.

LOV Project in 5 points

  • LOV is about vocabularies (aka. metadata element sets or ontologies) in OWL / RDFS used to describe linked data.
  • LOV provides a single-stop access to the Vocabulary Commons ecosystem
  • LOV helps to improve vocabularies understanding, visibility, usability, synergy, sustainability and overall quality
  • LOV promotes a technically and socially sustainable management of the Vocabulary Commons ecosystem
  • LOV is a community and open project. You are welcome to join the team of gardeners of the Vocabulary Commons!

Dort findet man z.B. diverse Vokabulare, wenn man mal Konferenzen als LOD beschreiben möchte.

[via @acka47]

Mögliche Ursachen für einen Open Data Citation Advantage

Heather Piwowar schlägt fünf mögliche Ursachen für einen Open Data Citation Advantage vor:

  1. Data Reuse. Papers with available datasets can be used in more ways than papers without data, and therefore may receive additional attributions upon published data reuse.
  2. Credibility Signalling. The credibility of research findings may be higher for research papers with available data. Such papers may be preferentially chosen background citations and/or the foundation of additional research.
  3. Increased Visibility. Citing authors may be more likely to encounter a research project with available data. More artifacts associated with a research project gives the project a larger footprint, increasing the likelihood that someone finds an aspect of the research. Links from data to the research paper may also increase the search ranking of the research paper.
  4. Early View. When data is made available before a paper is published, some citations may accrue earlier than otherwise because research methods and findings are encountered prior to paper publication.
  5. Selection Bias. Authors may be more likely to publish data for papers they judge to be their best quality work, because they are most proud or confident in the results. ALTERNATIVELY, it is possible that author self-selection bias may have a negative correlation with research quality in the case of Open Data: authors may be less willing to share details for their most important and visible research in order to maintain a competitive edge and avoid the upheaval of error detection.

Sie bittet um Kritik oder weitere Vorschläge.

Open Data, Data Liberation and Opportunities for Librarians

Open Sesame: Open Data, Data Liberation and Opportunities for Librarians

Abstract:

Cities and data producers are quickly embracing Open Data, albeit unevenly. The Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) has been a pioneer in broadening access to data for nearly two decades. This session will examine the relevance of Data Liberation in terms of Open Data and explore how librarians can step up to the plate to make Open Data/Open Government as successful as DLI.

Peer Review? Zusammenfassung der Diskussion bei Libreas

Karsten Schuldt schreibt:

Immer wieder einmal, so auch letztens auf dem Deutschen Bibliothekstag in Hamburg, wird behauptet, dass Forschende dazu streben würden, ihre Texte in Peer Reviewed Zeitschriften zu veröffentlichen, um Reputation aufzubauen. Aber in meiner Zeit an Universität und Hochschule habe ich davon wenig mitbekommen.

Doch, doch, das ist schon sehr oft so. Im Dauergespräch mit Forschenden und Lehrenden höre ich dieses Argument sehr, sehr häufig: Peer Review stehe für Qualität. Kritik am Peer Review wird gar nicht aufgenommen. Weder das Instrument an sich noch einzelne Ausprägungen werden hinterfragt.

Karsten Schuldt fast nun gut lesbar und kompakt viele wichtige (nicht alle) Kritikpunkte am Peer Review zusammen. Weiter geht’s im Libreas-Blog.